{"id":3342,"date":"2025-11-05T17:09:37","date_gmt":"2025-11-05T20:09:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aipcf.net\/revue\/?post_type=articulos_revista&#038;p=3342"},"modified":"2025-12-03T22:25:36","modified_gmt":"2025-12-04T01:25:36","slug":"the-dream-as-a-bridge-between-levels-of-functioning-in-both-the-family-and-the-couple","status":"publish","type":"articulos_revista","link":"https:\/\/aipcf.net\/revue\/en\/articulos_revista\/the-dream-as-a-bridge-between-levels-of-functioning-in-both-the-family-and-the-couple\/","title":{"rendered":"The dream as a bridge between levels of functioning in both the family and the couple."},"content":{"rendered":"<?xml encoding=\"utf-8\" ?><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-wf4bge-2d9ad486add4e7d32a2dff0dcb62bede\">\n.avia-section.av-wf4bge-2d9ad486add4e7d32a2dff0dcb62bede{\nbackground-color:#f2f2f2;\nbackground:linear-gradient( to bottom, #f2f2f2, #ffffff, #f2f2f2 );\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av_section_1'  class='avia-section av-wf4bge-2d9ad486add4e7d32a2dff0dcb62bede main_color avia-section-small avia-shadow  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_section  avia-builder-el-first  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><main  role=\"main\" itemprop=\"mainContentOfPage\"  class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-3342'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-mhmfmasi-ae45dfcfb288311147afa07f3068be7d\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-mhmfmasi-ae45dfcfb288311147afa07f3068be7d{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-mhmfmasi-ae45dfcfb288311147afa07f3068be7d .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-mhmfmasi-ae45dfcfb288311147afa07f3068be7d .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-mhmfmasi-ae45dfcfb288311147afa07f3068be7d av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote modern-centered  avia-builder-el-1  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_above'><p>REVIEW N&deg; 7 | YEAR 2010 \/ 1<\/p>\n<\/div><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >The dream as a bridge between levels of functioning in both the family and the couple.<\/h1><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/main><!-- close content main element --><\/div><\/div><div id='av_section_2'  class='avia-section av-uxc8dq-9708a9c8b3bbcb82225cdf6b31391b9c main_color avia-section-small avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-3342'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div  class='flex_column av-tq88gu-79f92b5659691a412259b138c3b2d9b2 av_one_fifth  avia-builder-el-3  el_before_av_one_half  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div  '     ><div  class='avia-buttonrow-wrap av-2t4bym-0f34257f1e07110d6b1f424389571b32 avia-buttonrow-left  avia-builder-el-4  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-qccl7y-120f0724b87dbf9d3059fd1048bb36af\">\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-qccl7y-120f0724b87dbf9d3059fd1048bb36af{\nborder-radius:50px 50px 50px 50px;\ntransition:all 0.4s ease-in-out;\nmargin-bottom:5px;\nmargin-right:5px;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-qccl7y-120f0724b87dbf9d3059fd1048bb36af:hover .avia_button_background{\nborder-radius:50px 50px 50px 50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<a href='https:\/\/aipcf.net\/revue\/revista\/revista-numero-7\/'  class='avia-button av-qccl7y-120f0724b87dbf9d3059fd1048bb36af avia-icon_select-yes-left-icon avia-size-small av-button-notext avia-color-dark'   ><span class='avia_button_icon avia_button_icon_left avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue830' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><span class='avia_iconbox_title' ><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-ng4nry-2d122eeec10c8789913d9b2e8d75a81c av_one_half  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_one_fifth  el_before_av_one_fourth  flex_column_div  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-n0912m-1156dfc44b12aa90d706d69429111ec0 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><div class=\"escritores\">Author: <a href=\"https:\/\/aipcf.net\/revue\/en\/escritor\/nicolo-anna-maria-en\/\">NICOL\u00d2 Anna Maria<\/a><\/div><div class=\"escritores\">Language: <a href=\"https:\/\/aipcf.net\/revue\/en\/idioma_articulo\/english\/\">English<\/a> - <a href=\"https:\/\/aipcf.net\/revue\/en\/idioma_articulo\/french\/\">French<\/a><\/div><div class=\"palabras-clave\"><div class=\"secciones_revista\">Section: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/aipcf.net\/revue\/en\/secciones_revista\/articles\/\">ARTICLES<\/a><\/span> <\/div><div class=\"palabras-clave\"><div class=\"descriptores\">Keywords: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/aipcf.net\/revue\/en\/descriptores\/dissociation-en\/\">dissociation<\/a><\/span>  - <span><a href=\"https:\/\/aipcf.net\/revue\/en\/descriptores\/dream\/\">dream<\/a><\/span>  - <span><a href=\"https:\/\/aipcf.net\/revue\/en\/descriptores\/inhibition\/\">inhibition<\/a><\/span>  - <span><a href=\"https:\/\/aipcf.net\/revue\/en\/descriptores\/level-of-family-functioning\/\">level of family functioning<\/a><\/span>  - <span><a href=\"https:\/\/aipcf.net\/revue\/en\/descriptores\/link\/\">link<\/a><\/span> <\/div><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-kxfwwu-b98f63713442a73cc94c3f7d6cdb7f5c av_one_fourth  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.togglecontainer.av-mhmfmv7z-dc83c6774b86fffc0bafde69c240e0ca .toggle_wrap .toggle_content{\nborder-color:#e5e5e5;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='togglecontainer av-mhmfmv7z-dc83c6774b86fffc0bafde69c240e0ca av-minimal-toggle  avia-builder-el-15  el_before_av_heading  avia-builder-el-first  toggle_close_all' >\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-7f9zgu-f7c7a7725f0a02dd5d11bf5c5e399dd8'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-1' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-1' class='toggler  activeTitle av-title-above av-inherit-border-color'  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-1' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"Summary\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: Summary\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: Summary\">Summary<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-1' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-1' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  active_tc av-title-above' style='display:block;' ><div class='toggle_content invers-color av-inherit-border-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>The dream as a bridge between levels of functioning in both the family and the couple<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The author illustrates various therapeutic uses of the dream within the framework of the family and the couple. She doesn&rsquo;t only examine the specific detail of interpretation within these frameworks but also how the dreams of each family member may work inside themselves as powerful inducers of change both in the other members and in the family as a whole.<\/p>\n<p>She observes the various shapes that one of the family member&rsquo;s dreams may take within the framework of the couple or family, (for example, it may happen that one of the partners may dream in place of the other, or when trying to explain the actions of the other. Sometimes there are dreams that are told by both members of a couple during a session which show complementary aspects or the level of link that has been co-constructed between the two partners). The author discusses how a dream can and must be read, both on an individual level and as an expression of the functioning of the family and link that unites the couple, and thus, at an intra-psychic level and interpersonal level.<\/p>\n<p>However, the dream that breaks into a family space is a powerful attracter and is often an inducer of other dreams in other members, as if all the other forces of the family or couple could syntonise themselves more or less at the same time onto a new phenomena which is unpredictable, and which suddenly pushes all the members into another dimension.<\/p>\n<p>Even the existance of a dream is a powerful inducer for a new level of affective functioning and relationships as is the possibility of thought&nbsp; and the opening up to the contents of split or inhibited families.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Dream, link, dissociation, inhibition, level of family functioning.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-5w7lq6-4408e2cdc82b3ffb4fff35ced9033977'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-2' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-2' class='toggler  av-title-above av-inherit-border-color'  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-2' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"Resumen\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: Resumen\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: Resumen\">Resumen<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-2' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-2' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color av-inherit-border-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>El sue&ntilde;o como puente entre los diferentes niveles de funcionamiento de la familia y de la pareja.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La autora ilustra los diferentes empleos terap&eacute;uticos del sue&ntilde;o en el tratamiento familiar y de la pareja. Considera que no solamente es importante&nbsp; la interpretaci&oacute;n en estos tratamientos, sino tambi&eacute;n que el sue&ntilde;o de cada uno de sus integrantes puede funcionar, en s&iacute; mismo, como un inductor potente del cambio en los otros miembros y en la familia como conjunto.<\/p>\n<p>La autora considera las diversas configuraciones que el sue&ntilde;o de un miembro puede desarrollar en el tratamiento psicoanal&iacute;tico familiar o de pareja (por ejemplo, puede ocurrir que uno de los partenaires sue&ntilde;e en lugar del otro miembro o explique las acciones del otro; a veces hay sue&ntilde;os que son contados por los dos miembros de la pareja en una sesi&oacute;n los cuales muestran aspectos complementarios o de niveles del v&iacute;nculo co-construidos entre ambos). Tambi&eacute;n explica de qu&eacute; manera el sue&ntilde;o puede y debe ser analizado tanto a nivel individual como tambi&eacute;n ser analizado como la expresi&oacute;n del funcionamiento de la familia o del v&iacute;nculo que une a los miembros de la pareja considerados tanto a nivel intraps&iacute;quico como a nivel interpersonal. El sue&ntilde;o que hace irrupci&oacute;n en el espacio familiar es un poderoso im&aacute;n y a menudo inductor de sue&ntilde;os en los otros miembros de la familia o de la pareja: es como si todos los esp&iacute;ritus de la familia o de la pareja pueden al mismo tiempo entrar en sinton&iacute;a, m&aacute;s o menos, sobre un fen&oacute;meno nuevo imprevisible que impulsar&aacute; a todos los miembros instant&aacute;neamente a otra dimensi&oacute;n. La existencia misma del sue&ntilde;o es un potente inductor para un nuevo nivel de funcionamiento afectivo y de las relaciones, como as&iacute; tambi&eacute;n de la posibilidad de pensar, y adem&aacute;s posibilitar la apertura de los contenidos reprimidos o clivados de la familia.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Palabras clave:<\/strong> sue&ntilde;o, vinculo, disociaci&oacute;n, represi&oacute;n, niveles de funcionamiento de la familia.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-4eyldq-4793d1b80079f3609ee1c4dbdc765b43'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-3' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-3' class='toggler  av-title-above av-inherit-border-color'  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-3' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"R&eacute;sum&eacute;\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: R&eacute;sum&eacute;\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: R&eacute;sum&eacute;\">R&eacute;sum&eacute;<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-3' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-3' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color av-inherit-border-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>Le r&ecirc;ve comme inducteur du changement dans la famille et dans le couple.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;auteur illustre les diff&eacute;rents emplois th&eacute;rapeutiques du r&ecirc;ve dans le cadre familial et du couple. Elle ne consid&egrave;re pas seulement la sp&eacute;cificit&eacute; de l&rsquo;interpr&eacute;tation dans ces cadres, mais aussi que le r&ecirc;ve de chacun de membres peut fonctionner en soi comme un inducteur puissant du changement dans les autres membres et dans la famille enti&egrave;re.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;auteur observe les diverses configurations que le r&ecirc;ve d&rsquo;un membre peut prendre dans le cadre du couple ou de famille (par exemple, il peut arriver que l&rsquo;un des partenaires r&ecirc;ve &agrave; la place de l&rsquo;autre ou en expliquant les actions de l&rsquo;autre ; ou parfois il y a des r&ecirc;ves que sont racont&eacute;s par les deux membres d&rsquo;un couple dans une session et ils montrent des aspects compl&eacute;mentaires ou des niveaux de lien coconstruit entre les partenaires).<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;auteur discute comment le r&ecirc;ve peut et doit &ecirc;tre lu, soit au niveau de l&rsquo;individu et soit comme l&rsquo;expression du fonctionnement de la famille et du lien qui unit les membres du couple et donc soit au niveau intra psychique soit au niveau interpersonnel.<\/p>\n<p>Mais le r&ecirc;ve qui fait irruption dans l&rsquo;espace familial est un attracteur puissant et souvent il est inducteur d&rsquo;autres r&ecirc;ves dans les autres membres: comme si tous les esprits de la famille ou du couple pouvaient dans le m&ecirc;me temps entrer en syntonie, plus ou moins, sur&nbsp; un&nbsp; ph&eacute;nom&egrave;ne nouveau, impr&eacute;visible qui poussera tous les membres&nbsp; en un instant dans une autre dimension.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;existence m&ecirc;me du r&ecirc;ve est un puissant inducteur pour un nouveau niveau de fonctionnement affectif et&nbsp; des relations&nbsp; comme&nbsp; la possibilit&eacute; de la pens&eacute;e et l&rsquo;ouverture aux contenus de la famille cliv&eacute;s ou refoul&eacute;s.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mots-cl&eacute;:<\/strong> R&ecirc;ve, lien, dissociation, refoulement, niveaux de fonctionnement de la famille.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-mhmfmp5h-7c6c858835ea66d59729681bdf812c84\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-mhmfmp5h-7c6c858835ea66d59729681bdf812c84{\nmargin:-10px -10px -10px -10px;\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-mhmfmp5h-7c6c858835ea66d59729681bdf812c84 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-mhmfmp5h-7c6c858835ea66d59729681bdf812c84 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-mhmfmp5h-7c6c858835ea66d59729681bdf812c84 av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-16  el_after_av_toggle_container  el_before_av_hr '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >ARTICLE<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div  class='hr av-387vv2-5c46d483a2aa42eab53716092912e68a hr-default  avia-builder-el-17  el_after_av_heading  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><section  class='av_textblock_section av-mhmfzss7-801bcc0bff984701ce203fdafcc93899 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h3>The dream as a bridge between levels of functioning in both the family and the couple<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\" target=\"_blank\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Anna Maria Nicol&oacute;<\/strong> <a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\" target=\"_blank\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>My clinical experience with couples, families and serious patients has taught me that various types of dream and various types of levels of dreaming exist.<\/p>\n<p>Perhaps the most important aspect of a dream is its polisemic aspect that may show different levels, not only as the internal functioning in a subject, but for example, at an Oedipus or pre-Oedipus level etc., but also as a contemporary expression of different levels of family functioning that sometimes finds traces of trans-generational elements inside it that have not been worked through that each one of us unknowingly keeps inside (Nicol&ograve; and Ricciotti, 1999).<\/p>\n<p>More recently Ka&euml;s (1993, 2002) described something similar when speaking about a &ldquo;double umbilical&rdquo; of the dream and went on to say that the second umbilical would be made up of our &ldquo;darkest intrapsychic links,&rdquo; those that bare witness to the shared psychic space of several dreamers.<\/p>\n<p>I believe that a dream of one family member or member of a couple not only indicates a strength of working through that a person or group is making but it also allows us to make out the ways and the defences of the links of the family or the couple, showing how each member responds in a different way when faced with the same conflict, same trauma, same anguish, according both to each members&rsquo; capacity of working through and to the circumstances. Some members express more evolved levels of their own functioning, tuning into the highest evolved levels of family functioning whilst others tune into more primitive levels, as it seems happened in the clinical case that I am going to speak about.<\/p>\n<p>One interesting clinical example is proven by a clinical sequence of a couple who are undergoing therapy and were sent to me by the woman&rsquo;s analyst. She had shown symptoms of depression after the death of her father a year before. The therapeutic work had allowed the fantasy of a conjugal separation to emerge. Following a period of treatment, the sudden discovery of the wife&rsquo;s decision to separate had left the husband in a situation of alarm. He who had never before dreamed and who had always maintained an iron grip over all his emotions, entered a crisis and told me about a dream with which he opened the first session after the announcement, &ldquo;I became aware of the sudden and successive loss of pieces of my body. I lost a<\/p>\n<p>hand, I re-attached it, I lost the other and so on with my legs, my genitals, my eyes and at the end, my heart&rdquo;. I woke up suddenly in a state of anguish and didn&rsquo;t know where I was. This dream of the husband&rsquo;s was followed by another account of a dream of the wife&rsquo;s almost at the end of the session: &ldquo;She left home looking for a handsome man, a type of prince in shining armour, after having decided to leave her ill and dying father inside the home. However, once outside, she got lost in the crowd and couldn&rsquo;t see this handsome young prince and became confused, not knowing where to go&rdquo;.<\/p>\n<p>It was quiet easy and obvious to connect the loss of these parts of the body, the threatening break up of her own integrity, the anxiety of breaking apart that characterised the patient&rsquo;s dream and experiences with the anxiety of separation from the husband, and what&rsquo;s more, it was the husband himself who did it.<\/p>\n<p>But even the wife&rsquo;s dream about getting lost in the crowd, once outside her house, showed a similar content even though it was different at the level of maturation. For her, the separation led to a moment of confusion, the feeling of losing her points of reference that had characterised her life up until that point. The death of her father had, in a certain sense, freed this woman, allowing her another posttraumatic working through of her Oedipus that had kept her chained, at first, to her father and then to her husband. For her too, the separation led to her overcoming of her identity anxieties, cutting free, in a certain sense, from a never &ndash; ending adolescence that she hadn&rsquo;t been able to overcome previously.<\/p>\n<p>In the members of this couple we can see how each person reacts to the same traumatic stimulus by showing different levels of defence of the personal functioning, which, to my interpreting, was also an expression of the functioning of the link in the couple. A link that was very profound that both parties had built up and which satisfied the melding aspects of one and the Oedipus needs of the other.<\/p>\n<p>The usefulness of the dream in the setting of the family and the couple thus doesn&rsquo;t only consist of its production, or only in the meaning that we may attribute to it, but also of the fact that it connects different levels of family functioning and different ways of such that are present in different members, as I have tried to show.<\/p>\n<p>This is a natural expression of a family&rsquo;s mental organisation. Before one differentiates one&rsquo;s own individual psyche, each individual is part of a collective relational structure, and, in my opinion, such underlying structure remains, not so much evident but operational in each family. I have always been convinced (Nicol&ograve;, 1988; 1994) that contemporary levels of simultaneous functioning exist. At a more primitive level, the distinction between the self and the other is very weak and the mental states of one merge and move into the mental or somatic states of the other, as we may observe in the dynamic of the mother-fathernewborn baby relationship (Nicol&ograve;, 1990). These more primitive levels<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\" target=\"_blank\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a>, that are always present in family life, are reactivated in special circumstances, as in situations of stress, and are characterised by sensorial levels, by non-represented somatic states and by those who suffer. A dream may sometimes bring them to light, thus showing these aspects both at a personal level and at a group level.<\/p>\n<h3>The dream as a bridge<\/h3>\n<p>In some previous pieces of work, I have discussed various formats that a dream may take on in one of the members inside a family or couple setting.<\/p>\n<p>In these works I underlined that one partner may dream in the place of the other, and in an iconic way, illustrate that which the other shows in a suffering form as we can see in Schnitzler&rsquo;s novel and that we all recognise in the Kubrik film &ldquo;Eyes Wide Shut.&rdquo; Schnitzler&rsquo;s novel speaks about a particular couple relationship where, upon the husband&rsquo;s perverse suffering, the wife&rsquo;s dream, which presents the same contents but are then dreamed and worked through, corresponds to this in a transformed kind of way.<\/p>\n<p>Both dream and sufferance or from the other part, dream and somatisation are sometimes the couple of opposites that we can observe in members of a family or couple where each member is the bearer of a similar content, which according to the level of functioning is expressed now in one, then in the other and that however, I believe, communicates different levels of functioning of the link in the couple that finds different expression in its various members.<\/p>\n<p>I would now like to show that a partner&rsquo;s dream or a family member&rsquo;s dream may also reawaken some unknown content of the other member that the dreamer themselves doesn&rsquo;t know about. So, we may see severed, rejected and dissociated contents of the other appear in the dream, for example traumatic contents, that the other had severed or rejected and which the other is completely oblivious to. In psychotic families or couples where one of the members has endured strong infant traumas, it is quite likely that we may see this phenomenon.<\/p>\n<p>In a family treatment that was carried out in a therapeutic community, the admitted daughter had a repeated nightmare where one of her parents tried to kill or rape her using a particular technique. The work with the parental couple brought to light not only the grandmother&rsquo;s daughter-killing fantasies, on the father&rsquo;s side, towards the newborn father but also how he himself was abused when he was young and then afterwards became violent inside the institutional organisation where he had grown up because his family had placed him into care as they were too poor to keep him at home.<\/p>\n<p>This second piece of information had always been kept secret whilst the first was not aware of the fact and had been rejected or severed. The daughter&rsquo;s dreams, especially the one which referred to being raped, at first caused discomfort in the parents, but afterwards allowed the father to return with his memory to stories regarding his adolescence, stories that he would have liked to forget and which he had partly forgotten, at least knowingly, and which his wife ignored. These sessions marked the beginning of a change.<\/p>\n<h3>Rejection, dissociation,<\/h3>\n<p>The dreams then could throw some light on the rejected, dissociated or severed aspects that had not only been removed, both by the dreamer and the partner and the link that united them. In this sense couple and family therapy may turn out to be much more useful in treating particular clinical cases, such as for example, forms of psychosis, perversion or serious traumatic situations given that as much that is rejected or dissociated in one may be usefully present and worked through in the dream of the other partner as we can see in Schnitzler&rsquo;s novel or in the above mentioned clinical case&hellip; As the Italian psychoanalyst Riolo shows us, Freud, in his &ldquo;Studies on Hysteria&rdquo; had spoken about &ldquo;thoughts that have never been formulated and for which he gave the possibility of existing as only virtual. For these things, therapy would consist of the completion of a psychic act that had previously been incomplete&rdquo;, (Freud, 1895, 1,&nbsp; 435). In such settings, the incomplete psychic act finds completion in the dream of the other.<\/p>\n<p>So, we are not speaking about the recovery of removed memories, but instead of contacting feelings and emotions that have been rejected by the subject, affects and impulses that have not been recognised nor thought about,&rdquo; unfinished, because they have not been formulated into thoughts&rdquo; (Riolo, 1983) and in which the mechanism of &ldquo;rejection&rdquo; functions (Verwerfung<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\" target=\"_blank\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/a>) (Freud, 1894).<\/p>\n<p>These affects and feelings that are rejected or sometimes dissociated may be usefully present in the dream of the other and thus open the way to their working through by passing through a sort of &ldquo;recovery in the other,&rdquo; this is a typical aspect of these settings of couple and family.<\/p>\n<h3>The shared oneiric process<\/h3>\n<p>In the narrating of dreams, each member of a family or couple also carries out a therapeutic function, and even an interpreting function with different associations, with memories and reflections that arise in the setting. It is better if amplified by the analyst&rsquo;s requests to make free associations about the dream or its various parts. The dream and its contents will circulate around the family space and induce new associations in a dream of each member. In this way a very particular climate is created, as if each member of the family were to tune into the levels proposed by the dream, thus looking inside oneself both how much the dream evokes on the personal level and the possible suggestions that could be offered to the other for the comprehension or expansion of those themes that are contained in the narration or the dream. This extraordinary operation makes the production and the narration of the dream transformative which is unique of its kind, given that it allows, much more and better than other experiences, one to work and explore both the intra-psychic level and the inter-subjective one at the same time, and, in the latter, the different regressive levels and those less regressive that characterise a family world. The bursting in of the dream illustrates the first transformation in the dreamer&rsquo;s mind and in the functioning of the family<a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\" target=\"_blank\"><sup>[5]<\/sup><\/a>. For example, the dream in its production shows the existence of limits<a href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\" target=\"_blank\"><sup>[6]<\/sup><\/a> that allow the dreamer to dream&hellip;<\/p>\n<p>However, all family therapists are able to observe one phenomenon in particular, the dream that bursts into the family space has a powerful attraction effect upon everyone and often an induction effect on other dreams in the other members, as we can see in the reported case. After a member narrates a dream, a particular climate is created. It&rsquo;s as if all the brains in the family group or couple tune in together at a particular moment, some more, some less, to a new phenomenon, one that is unpredictable and that transfers us into another dimension immediately. Often, after the first dream of a member, the others also narrate their own dreams, either in the same session or in successive ones<a href=\"#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\" target=\"_blank\"><sup>[7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The production of the dream- chain in family or couple sessions, common experiences with many analysts who work in these settings, makes us understand that an unconscious tuning-in between the minds who were present in the session exists and that the dream, with its huge transformation potential, thanks to this communication from unconscious to unconscious &ldquo;which dodges the conscience (Freud), is a powerful inducer of these levels of communication and therefore one of potential change.<\/p>\n<p>If the analyst is able to defend this magic moment from the inevitable attacks that the non-thinking part of the family participate in, then the dream will allow us not only to discover new characteristics of that particular family and its history, but above all, it will open up new transformation possibilities.<\/p>\n<p>Its very existence in itself is a powerful inducer of new functioning, for example, the possibility of thought, because I hypothesise that it carries out a bridge function between the levels of functioning of a family and between the level shown by a member and that of the other.<\/p>\n<p>Indeed, it is this shared oneiric process that is the real transforming agent in the process, shared in its successive production during various sessions and shared in the associative and interpretive work that characterises it.<\/p>\n<p>I believe that Ruffiot<sup>8<\/sup> (1990) described something similar when he spoke of the family oneiric holding, an emerging way in therapy with families and couples, that is characterised by the oneiric response of a family member to the dream that is narrated by the other. According to the French psychoanalyst, a regressive process occurs thanks to which the psyche of family members &ldquo;reverses without barriers in the psyche of the others.&rdquo; According to Ruffiot, this holding is particularly effective in psychotic families given that using this instrument, the members of the family present their oneiric capability and their Alpha function to the psychotic member in a way that might symbolise its &ldquo;terrible Beta body experiences&rdquo; &ldquo;supporting the psychotic patient&rsquo;s defective mentalisation and making it re-arise in a group matrix, unconscious as for all the members of the family.&rdquo; It is as if the dream supplied &ldquo;a border whilst at the same time with its contents protected, the dream-screen, and in a certain sense, gives back the deficit of the weak function or pre-conscious deficit&rdquo; (Nicol&ograve;, 2000; Sommantico, 2009).<\/p>\n<p>However, it is just as evident that such content which is communicated by the other during a session, re-awakens shock and anguish in those who have rejected, severed or dissociated them in principle. With great care, the analyst may be able to use them in order to work on and develop the blocked dynamics that are inside.<\/p>\n<p>&ldquo;The sequences of the dream images may, therefore, be considered as significant production and not only just as vehicles of meanings that have already been provided,&rdquo; as Riolo (1983) spoke about. Significant production that acquires a sense according to the meeting between ourselves and the other outside ourselves, if and how we correlate them with the sequence with which they arise, with the structure of the dream, with the patient&rsquo;s associations and the other members. As the work unfolds, they will even take on new meanings in the light of successive production by the members of the family, even after many sessions.<\/p>\n<p>Thus, in this way, one creates a chain-operation. The production of a dream shows the working through or the attempt at working through of a certain level of functioning.<\/p>\n<p>The understanding of one pushes the comprehension to various levels of the others and so the better acquired differentiation of one is a powerful stimulus for the differentiation of the others and is also a reduction of reciprocal projective identification (Nicol&ograve;, 2000; 2001; Nicol&ograve;, Cardinali, Guidi, 1984; Nicol&ograve;, Norsa, Carratelli, 2003; Sommantico, 2009).<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h3>Bibliography<\/h3>\n<p>Bion W.R. (1965), Transformations, PUF, Paris, 1982.<\/p>\n<p>Bion W.R. (1994), Cogitations, In Press, Paris, 2005.<\/p>\n<p>Freud S. (1894), Le neuropsicosi da difesa, G.W. 1, 72, OSF 2; trad. fr. in OCF.P, III, Paris, PUF, 2005<\/p>\n<p>Freud S. (1895), Studi sull&rsquo;isteria, in OSF 1, p. 435, Boringhieri, Torino.<\/p>\n<p>Freud S. (1900), L&rsquo;interpr&eacute;tation des r&ecirc;ves, in OCF.P, IV, PUF, Paris, 2003, et Note sur le &laquo; Bloc magique &raquo;, in OCF.P, XVII, PUF, Paris, 1992.<\/p>\n<p>Ka&euml;s R. (1993), Le groupe et le sujet du groupe. El&eacute;ments pour une th&eacute;orie psychanalytique du groupe, Dunod, Paris.<\/p>\n<p>Ka&euml;s R. (2002), La polyphonie du r&ecirc;ve, Dunod, Paris.<\/p>\n<p>Meltzer D. (1984), Le monde vivant du r&ecirc;ve, C&eacute;sura, Lyon, 1995.<\/p>\n<p>Nicol&ograve; A.M. (1988), La famiglia come matrice del pensiero. Terapia familiare, vol 28, Roma<\/p>\n<p>Nicol&ograve; A.M. (1990) Soigner &agrave; l&rsquo;int&eacute;rieur de l&rsquo;autre. Cahiers critique de therapie familiale. Bruxelles<\/p>\n<p>Nicol&ograve; A.M. (1994), A chi appartiene il sogno del sognatore?, Richard e Piggle, 2, 2, pp. 197-211.<\/p>\n<p>Nicol&ograve; A.M. (2000), Il sogno nella psicoanalisi con la coppia e con la famiglia, in Nicol&ograve; A., Trapanese G. (a cura di), Quale psicoanalisi per la coppia?, Franco Angeli, Roma, 2005, pp. 239-257.<\/p>\n<p>Nicol&ograve; A.M. (2001), La fonction du r&ecirc;ve dans la famille, Le Divan Familial, 7, pp. 153-155.<\/p>\n<p>Nicol&ograve; A.M., Cardinali F., Guidi G. (1984), Il sogno come metafora di relazione. Esperienze di un gruppo di supervisione, in AA.VV., La formazione relazionale, ITF, Roma, 1985.<\/p>\n<p>Nicol&ograve; A.M., Ricciotti V. (1999), Sogno e famiglia, Funzione Gamma Journal, 2 &ndash; &ldquo;Sogno e gruppo 2&rdquo;, ottobre 1999.<\/p>\n<p>Nicol&ograve; A.M., Norsa D., Carratelli T. (2003), Playing with dreams: the introduction of a third party into the transference dynamic of the couple, Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies, 5, 3, July 2003.<\/p>\n<p>Riolo F. (1983), Sogno e teoria della conoscenza in psicoanalisi, Rivista di Psicoanalisi, 3, pp. 279-295.<\/p>\n<p>Ruffiot A. (1990), Le group-famille en analyse. L&rsquo;appareil psychique familial, en Ruffiot A., Eiguer A et Litovsky D, Gear M.-C. Et Liendo E.-C., Perrot J., La th&eacute;rapie familiale psychanalitique, Dunod, Paris. Sommantico M. (2009), Recensione a Ka&euml;s, In Interazioni, Franco Angeli,Roma.<\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\" target=\"_blank\">[1]<\/a> The Spanish translation of this article (trasleted by Dr. Ezequiel A. Jaroslavsky) has been published in the Chilean review &ldquo;Gradiva&rdquo;, http:\/\/www.ichpa.cl\/revistagradiva.php<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\" target=\"_blank\">[2]<\/a> MD., psychyatrist, training psychoanalyst at the SPI (Societ&agrave; Psicoanalitica Italiana) and at the IPA (Intrnational Psychoanalytical Association), scientific director of the&nbsp;International Review of Psychoanalysis of Couple and Family<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\" target=\"_blank\">[3]<\/a>&nbsp; At a more primitive level that some call group self, one may find, as Hautmann states, the first elementary form of a thought. For Ruffiot too, (1990) &ldquo;the group thought is the matrix of individual thought.&nbsp; That extra territorial part of the ego that is available for group experiences is formed&rdquo;.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\" target=\"_blank\">[4]<\/a> Rejection is, as Freud ( 1894) said &ldquo;a form of defence, more energetic and efficient (than removal), that consists in the fact that the Ego rejects (verwirft) the incompatible united representation from its affect and behaves as though the representation had never arrived at the Ego (&hellip;)&rdquo;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\" target=\"_blank\">[5]<\/a> As long as a dream is produced, if it is a &ldquo;good dream&rdquo; and not an emptying dream, the individual patient, the family or the couple have to have carried out quite significant work, work of primary working through of affects, emotions and fantasies &ndash; terrible elements that in that moment are able to find the possibility of making themselves visible. If I had to express things in a simple way, in order to have a simple and efficient starting description, in accordance with Bion (1965; 1994), I would say: &ldquo;Something that before had been suffered or somatised might, at a later moment, be thought and spoken about&rdquo;.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\" target=\"_blank\">[6]<\/a> In families with psychotic or psychosomatic functioning, dreams may be very rare both for concrete and sufferance functioning that characterises them and because each person reacts with somatic states or with experience and emotional suffering of both one&rsquo;s own and of others that each member of the family is not able to contain within the limits of the Self, thus emptying them defensively into the other.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\" target=\"_blank\">[7]<\/a> I believe that we are dealing with a sort of unconscious resonance that the narrated dream is able to induce in the other and in the context, of a reciprocal tuning-in of the unconscious of the members of the family or couple at this level of functioning. Thus, generating that phenomenon of influencing that Freud sometimes described in patients who shared the same context (as in Freud&rsquo;s example, the young girls in a boarding-school), or also that phenomenon for which unconscious contents of one cross-over into that of the other, dodging the conscious. In such a way, real progressive oneiric work is generated in the family that even in successive sessions dreams that are linked to crucial ideas or ideas that have appeared in previous dreams may be retold. The way through dreams becomes a very important level of the work that is articulated with associations, with the narrated story and with the family myth.<\/p>\n<p>[8] For Ruffiot (1990), the same psychic family apparatus is of the oneiric type, and such primitive, unconscious communication is based upon the idea that a pure psyche exists before the primitive attachment to the body. This conception of onirism is, in my opinion, also connected to a conception of the dream as an element that belongs to the most primitive and unconscious part of the mind.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Anna Maria Nicol\u00f3<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":3319,"template":"","categories":[],"secciones_revista":[217],"numero_publicado":[12456],"descriptores":[6382,6603,12716,12718,5876],"class_list":["post-3342","articulos_revista","type-articulos_revista","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","escritor-nicolo-anna-maria-en","idioma_articulo-english","idioma_articulo-french","secciones_revista-articles","numero_publicado-n07-2010-1-en","descriptores-dissociation-en","descriptores-dream","descriptores-inhibition","descriptores-level-of-family-functioning","descriptores-link"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aipcf.net\/revue\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/articulos_revista\/3342","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aipcf.net\/revue\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/articulos_revista"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aipcf.net\/revue\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/articulos_revista"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aipcf.net\/revue\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3319"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aipcf.net\/revue\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3342"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aipcf.net\/revue\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3342"},{"taxonomy":"secciones_revista","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aipcf.net\/revue\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/secciones_revista?post=3342"},{"taxonomy":"numero_publicado","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aipcf.net\/revue\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/numero_publicado?post=3342"},{"taxonomy":"descriptores","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aipcf.net\/revue\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/descriptores?post=3342"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}